Capoccia (2001) Defending democracy: reactions to extremism in inter-war europe (book)

Cappocia, Giovanni. Defending Democracy; Reactions to Extremism in Interwar Europe
Reading MT09 Week 4 - Chp 3 pp. 47-67.

Notes. (more)

Mansfield and Snyder (2005) Electing to Fight...

Mansfield, Edward and Jack Snyder, (2005) Electing to Fight Why Emerging Democracies go to War.
Reading list MT09 Week 4: Chapt 3 pp.39-68.

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Levitsky and Way ( ) Competitive Authoritarianism

Levitsky, Steven and Lucan Way Competitive Authoritarianism: The Origins and Evolution of Hybrid Regimes in the Post-Cold War Era (with Lucan A. Way). New York: Cambridge University Press Chapter 1 and conclusion.

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Howard and Roessler (2006) Liberalizing Electoral Outcomes in Competitive Authoritaran Regimes

Howard, Marc Morjé, and Philip G. Roessler (2006) ? Liberalizing Electoral Outcomes in
Competitive Authoritarian Regimes ? American Journal of Political Science 50 (2), 365–381.

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Diamond and Morlino (2004) The Quality of Democracy: An Overview

Diamond, Larry and Leonardo Morlino 2004 “The Quality of Democracy: An Overview” J D 15
(4) 20-31.

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Carothers (2002) The End of the Transition Paradigm

Carothers, Thomas 2002 “The End of the Transition Paradigm” JD 13:1 pp5-21.

This piece looks at cases after the supposed "third wave" of democracy, in 1970-1990.

The transition paradigm no longer works.
1. Any country moving away from dictatorial rule is in transition to democracy
2. Democracy tends to unfold in a set sequence of stages
1. The opening - democratic ferment and political liberalisation, cracks appear, most prominent fault line between hardliners and softliners.
2. Breakthrough, collapse of the regime and a rapid installation of a democratic one
3. Consolidation - slow process democratic forms are translated into democratic substance
Criticism - it involves a lot of teleology
4. Belief that underlying conditions, e.g. economic level, political history, institutional legacies, ethnic make-up, sociocultural traditions, etc. will not be critical factors. All that was necessary was a decision by the political elites and the ability to fend off threats from antidemo forces.

Belief in the value of elections - giving post dictatorial regimes legitimacy and increasing political participation

Gray (sic) zone - countries that are neither dictatorial nor heading towards democracy
Syndromes:
Feckless pluralism and Dominant-power politics are 2 gray zone alternatives
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Brown (2001) Evaluating Russia's Democratisation

Brown, Archie 2001 “Evaluating Russia’s Democratization” in Archie Brown ed. Contemporary Russian Politics: A Reader pp546-68.

And here is the rest of it. (more)